Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Defending Slavery free essay sample
Defending Slavery The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue of African slavery in America in the antebellum by late eighteenth century and before the antebellum crisis as discussed in Paul Finkelmanââ¬â¢s book: Defending Slavery. This paper will summarize the first part of book taking as a main topic racial aspects of the slavery. After the introductory summary , this paper will focus in two specific sections found in the second part of the book: ââ¬Å"Religion and Slaveryâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Racial Theory and Slaveryâ⬠.Lastly, this paper will analyze these two themes used as a justification of African Slavery in early history of America In his book ââ¬Å"Defending Slaveryâ⬠, Finkelman presents a collection of historical documents written by politicians, lawyers, clergymen and an anonymous author supporting proslavery. In the first part of the book, Finkelman, gives a briefly introduction to the arguments supporting pro slavery in America during the Antebellum. The thoughts defending slavery have in common that slavery in America was justified based on racial aspects.The sociological term ââ¬Å"mudsill theoryâ⬠was first used by James Henry Hammond, a South Carolina Senator. This term was placed as a strong racial argument in favor of slavery. The basic premise of this theory was that all great societies must have someone to do the menial labor, in order to create a distinction between social classes. In addition, according to this theory this low class labor must be assigned to blacks who were considered an inferior race. Under this context slavery did contribute to create an ample social gap between the ââ¬Å"whiteâ⬠and ââ¬Å"blackâ⬠races.Religion and Slavery: In this section of the book, Finkelman gathered four documents written by three representatives of the Baptist and Protestant religion and by an anonymous person and edited by De Bowââ¬â¢s Review, a well circulated magazine in the South part of America wi thin 19th century. The first document of this section is ââ¬Å"The Duties of Christian Mastersâ⬠written by Reverend A. T. Holmes in 1851. This document won a price offered by the Alabama Baptist State Coveention for the best essay.Holmes called the slaveowners as ââ¬Å"Christian mastersâ⬠and avowed that ââ¬Å"the mastersâ⬠had the responsibility to hold slaves of an inferior race and should guide and protect the servants. In addition, Holmes noted that white race masters were of ââ¬Å"a superior intellectâ⬠and that blacks were ââ¬Å"ignorantâ⬠. The essay ââ¬Å"Slavery and the Bibleâ⬠written by an anonymous author and edited by De Bowââ¬â¢s Review. The author states that the teachings of the Bible are taken as moral truth and because the Bible describes clearly the presence of slavery, therefore it must also be regarded as moral truth.The report ââ¬Å"Duty of Clergymen in Relation to the Marriage of Slavesâ⬠from the Protestant Episcopal Convention of South Caroline asserts that slaves could get married by the clergy but if the slave owner considered a necessary separation of the couple, he had the authority to separate them to comply with the ââ¬Å"divine rightâ⬠from God to master their slavesââ¬â¢ lives. Thornton Stringfellow wrote ââ¬Å"The Bible Argument: Or Slavery in the Light of Divine Revelationâ⬠.This report is a synopsis of the theological argument defending slavery as stated in the Old and New Testaments. Religion used to justify slavery had as a core support the Bible teachings but its interpretation was certainly influenced but their solid conviction that God not only allowed slavery but al so ordained. Since racial defenders of slavery relate religious arguments based on Bible citations it is necessary to analyze the documents grouped in the ââ¬Å"Racial Theory and Slaveryâ⬠section. Racial Theory and Slavery:The section entitled ââ¬Å"Racial and Theory and Slaveryâ⬠in the second part of the book contains four documents written by Samuel A Cartwright, a South Caroline physician; William Grayson, a South Caroline lawyer and politician; George Fitzhugh, a self educated lawyer and sociologist; and Josiah C. Nott, another well known physician from Alabama who sustained that blacks and whites came from different species. All of these documents were intended to support the theory that black race was not only different that white race but their origins came from different roots. Cartwright and Nott had similar approach.Their explanation from the biological standpoint was in some point linked to a religious interpretation of then bible. Thus, Cartwright depicts the origin of the three most predominant racial groups on Earth: Asian, Europeans and Blacks. He cites the Book of Genesis with the story of Noah and his three sons nd their settlements in three different geographical areas: North of Europe, Asia and Africa. According to Cartwrightââ¬â¢s biblical interpretation, this last continent was occupied by Cannan and his descendents were not only black race but also were designated by God;s will to be servant. Josiah Nott extensively wrote papers about race. His argument were based on a theory known as polygenesis. Nott claimed that there had been multiple creations producing superior and inferior races and black race was destined to permanent inferiority. George Fitzhughââ¬â¢s sociological opinion about slavery were irrational; he stated that slavery was the most perfect institution ever created In his eyes it is the most perfect institution ever created. Southern slavery is perfect, because like the family dog, slaves are happy to be indolent and cared for.G Although Notts writings on race were often irrational in content, extreme in language, and lacked a scientific grounding, they were generally accepted by most of the leading racial theorists of the day in the United States and Europe. Critical Analysis In Paul Finkelmanââ¬â¢s book, particularly the fragments dedicated at the defense of slavery based on racial and religious justification state that black people where crea ted by God and placed in Africa with the unique purpose to be servant of white people. This statement was scientifically dismantled by the Charles Darwinââ¬â¢s Theory of Universal Common Descent published in 1889. This theory is based on reliable scientific observations, asserts that ââ¬Å"all living organisms currently present on Earth share a common genetic ancestor with each being the descendant from a single original species. â⬠During more than one hundred and fifty years after Darwin presented this theory, numerous researchers have proven that Darwinââ¬â¢s assertions were correct.In 1851, Samuel Cartwright, a well known New Orleans physician for dedicated his medical practice treating slaves and specialized on what they called ââ¬Å"negro diseasesâ⬠wrote a report to the Medical Association of Louisiana called: ââ¬Å"The diseases and physical peculiarities of Negro raceâ⬠. Cartwrightââ¬â¢s report described about anthropology and origin of the races providing a biblical interpretation. This paper was clearly based on mere physical obs ervations made on his medical practice rather than scientific evidence.The information about anatomy and physiological reactions of black people was biased by his proslavery opinion. Nowadays, the lack of supporting research of his ââ¬Å"scientific reportâ⬠made it weak to be used as a legitimate defense of slavery. Although, some of the facts presented in the document were correct in terms of anatomical and physiological differences between black and white people; these facts were loaded of his personal beliefs pro slavery.Furthermore, these facts were presented in a way that a common lay reader will see black and white people as two different and individual human species without any genetic link and without any similarities as a human being descending from the same genetic tree and common ancestry as Darwinââ¬â¢s theory. Another important aspect that contradicts his defense is the introduction of events narrated in the Bible, specifically in the Book of Genesis regarding Noah and his three sons.According to the Genesis, they were settled in three different continents: Europe, Asia and Aftica. Cannan and his descendants occupied the current Ethiopia an d under Godââ¬â¢ will were assigned to be servants of the other two brothers. If in fact the Cannan and his Ethiopian descendents were black, how we can explain that they were distinct to the rest of races when it is well known and proven by years of anthropology research that the oldest human remains were found in Ethiopia. These important discoveries in the study of human evolution include Ardi, a hominid who lived 4. 4 million years ago in what is now Ethiopia and ââ¬Å"Lucyâ⬠another hominid, who is estimated to have lived 3. 2 million years ago. Based on the study of her bone structural remains showed that human ancestors were up and walking more than 3 millions years ago. Moreover, Charles Darwinââ¬â¢s theory states that similar species such as humans, apes, and monkeys probably evolved, over a period of many thousands of years, from a common, ape-like ancestor.If both very important humans remains were discovered in Ethiopia and the application of common descendant theory, therefore we can conclude that we all current humans descend from an African ancestor. This logical conclusion makes the racial argument of slavery weak because there is not such as inferior or superior race since we all human beings come from the same ancestor. There are phenotypic traits that distinguished a race or ethnic group of another but it doesnââ¬â¢t make them physically and intellectually superior. Charles Darwin did not think that humans evolved from monkeys.Rather, he believed, based on many years of research in the fields of biology and comparative anatomy, that anatomically similar species such as humans, apes, and monkeys probably evolved, over a period of many thousands of years, from a common, ape-like ancestor, now extinct. Recent studies in biology and genetics, using techniques not available in Darwins time, have confirmed and further clarified his theory. In order to gain a further understanding of Darwins thinking, you might want to look up Charles Darwin and Evolution in a variety of encyclopedias, such as Wikipedia (en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Charles_Darwin). High School and College textbooks of biology may also cover this topic with more or less completeness. Many fine books have also been written on this subject, including Darwins The Origin of Species and the Descent of Man and the fine biographical novel, The Origin, by Irving Stone. Read more: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_made_Darwin_think_humans_evolved_from_monkeys#ixzz27qEiO7FG a century this theory has been proven by modern research The Theory of Universal Common Descent was [pic]ShareThisCharles Darwinââ¬Ës theory of evolution may have been shaped by his abhorrence of slavery as much as by his keen observations of Galapagos finches, a new book argues. Darwinââ¬â¢s Sacred Cause, by Adrian Desmond and James Moore, notes that slavery propaganda of the time often claimed that different races belonged to different species, a notion that Darwinââ¬â¢s work obliterated. The book suggests that Darwinââ¬â¢s unique approach to evolution ââ¬â relating all races a nd species by ââ¬Å"common descentâ⬠ââ¬â could have been fostered by his anti-slavery beliefs [BBC News]. Published to coincide with Darwinââ¬â¢s 200th birthday and the 150th anniversary of his publication of On the Origin of Species this year, the book is likely to stir up a new debate over Darwinââ¬â¢s motives. Many members of Darwinââ¬â¢s extended family were deeply devoted to the abolitionist cause, including his grandfather, Josiah Wedgwood, who founded a chinaware company and produced cameos distributed by anti-slavery campaigners; the medallions bore the legend ââ¬Å"Am I Not a Man and a Brother? â⬠Darwinââ¬â¢s mother and wife were Wedgwoods and anti-slavery was what Darwin called a ââ¬Å"sacred causeâ⬠. He was taught to see the oppressed black as a ââ¬Å"brotherâ⬠.This explains why, when he went to Edinburgh University at 16, he could apprentice himself to a freed Guyanese slave to learn the art of bird preservation without thinking it [beneath his dignity] [Times Online]. Darwin later described that former slave as one of his intimate friends. Duri ng the voyage of the Beagle, Darwin saw scenes of slavery in South America that horrified him. He saw the aftermath of slave revolts and the instruments of torture, and heard of a planter who threatened to sell the children of recalcitrant slaves. ââ¬Å"It makes oneââ¬â¢s blood boil, yet heart tremble,â⬠he wrote [Times Online].
Monday, April 27, 2020
The Untold Story on Quality Research Paper Writing Services That You Really Need to Read
The Untold Story on Quality Research Paper Writing Services That You Really Need to Read So, you may rest assured your term paper service is going to be delivered by means of a pro. If you decide to acquire a study paper from our site, you are going to get a wide selection of advantages. If you choose to obtain a research paper from our website, you'll get a wide selection of benefits. We are the absolute most reputable and dependable research paper writing service available online featuring a variety of benefits and advantages for our every customer. The Importance of Quality Research Paper Writing Services It is essential to remain calm when browsing for research papers. It's possible for you to purchase research paper when you need and wherever you're. Research paper must be made accurate. You may purchase research paper, research paper proposal or another part. How you construct your paper will depend on what sort of research thesis you've posed. Each paper contain s an extremely skilled writer with a proper diploma at the most important subject or subject. Every academic paper must have a thesis statement. Finishing your essay or research paper might be really hard in the contest you aren't. Based on who've you chosen to compose your papers, they're also able to supply your essay or paper needs in a fast time period. Your paper will be wholly plagiarism-free. The entire paper is going to be based on it. Thus, you might not doubt their quality. If you are searching for a research paper writing service which delivers quality, original work, you've come to the correct location. Your quality paper will be sent right to your email account. It will be sent straight to your email accounts. The Nuiances of Quality Research Paper Writing Services So, you can rest assured your term paper service will be delivered by way of a pro. You will get your paper in a couple of days (or even hours if you want it very soon). If you want to be successful with your paper, you are going to have to burn the midnight oil for a few weeks. In the event that you need to receive a study paper from our in ternet website, you're very likely to acquire a variety that's wide of. What Is So Fascinating About Quality Research Paper Writing Services? When you know what type of research paper you should be writing, you're very likely to have to track down a topic. Experienced term paper writers are affordable and they're able to help you acquire the information which you require for your topic. After submitting the form you are able to sit tight and watch for your customized research essay! The expert essay writing we provide is tough and time-consuming. Quality Research Paper Writing Services - Overview You might be asking yourself how our customized research paper writing services could be the optimal solution for you. Research paper writing needs a lot of commitment, and dedication. Our term paper writing service permits customers to select the writer they need to work with based on their abilities and assignment requirements. Research paper writing help supplied by our organiza tion is unique sui generis. Basically, editing and proofreading services are absolutely indispensable for business people who must draw up an enormous quantity of documents routinely. A professional writing service can make all of the gap on Earth. Authoring professional services are usually one-of-a-kind and trustworthy. A thorough services of on-line essay services are available at Revieweal.Ukassignments-expert. Our dissertation writing services will be in a position to aid you. Writing college essays is among our favourite tasks! Our essay writing company suggests the best service to help you with your college. It suggests the best service to help you with your college. What You Need to Know About Quality Research Paper Writing Services If you have a look into research paper writing companies, you will discover a grand range of prices. Customized essay writing UK is a service which is supplied by means of lots of businesses nowadays. Not all research paper writing s ervices are the exact same, however, therefore it's important you don't simply select the very first custom writing service firm that appears at the very top of your Google search query. Improving your skills is great for the organization you work for, and what's very good for the business is very good for the economy. In addition, you can get in touch with the on-line paper writer personally using our messaging system if you happen to need clarifications about the purchase. Do not be scared to click the order if you are going to need just the ideal research document. Likewise nobody likes quick research without comprehensive comprehension of the issue. Each time you've got to obtain research papers on the world wide web or simply require help when choosing the correct subject or developing a good outline, our professional team will offer assist.
Learning About the Multiverse Theory
Learning About the Multiverse TheoryWhen you have been trying to write a good paper for the college or university you are taking, you can use some of the many popular Multiverse Theory topics for a paper to help you out. Of course, the Multiverse Theory is a pretty popular subject these days, and you will find many students who are just getting to know it very well. Since so many people are trying to find out more about this topic, it is easy to see why there are so many different Multiverse Topics for a Paper.The first thing you want to do when you write a paper on this topic is to determine if you really understand it well enough to present your ideas in an interesting way. In other words, if you have taken this course before, take it again. Take a look at the Multiverse theories that were presented to you last time. If you still don't understand something then look at some of the Multiverse Theory topics for a paper you might find online.While reading this, you might find that the specific Multiverse Theory topics for a paper are not really that relevant to your work. It might be good to spend some time trying to find out some of the ideas you might have missed the first time around.When you are able to get all of the unique Multiverse Theory topics for a paper, you might even find that you are now studying it as a complete course. When you are studying something like this, you will come to realize that learning this subject is the best way to go about getting a good education. There are no better ways to learn and having the Multiverse Theory is the best way to teach it.Many students think that they don't have to really study this subject before they can have a paper on it. What they don't realize is that not knowing the basics of the subject can really hamper your ability to present ideas in a well-written paper. Studying a course like this can really make the difference between a well written paper and one that is not that good.However, many people think that they need to take a course just to learn how to do the paper. While this might be a great idea for some people, there are also many others who realize that a proper education takes more than just a class.The Multiverse Theory Topics for a Paper can help you out a lot in the future. Of course, you should always be looking for new ideas to add to your notes, but there are many more topics that can help you out too. By using the Multiverse Theory topics for a paper, you will quickly become more knowledgeable about this subject.
Research Paper Topics About Advertising
Research Paper Topics About AdvertisingWhen choosing the topics to research about advertising, it is important to focus on topics that will give you information, but also allow you to write about your own interests. With these choices, the entire project will be more likely to be successful, and you will have fewer problems with getting ideas.One of the first things to consider when looking for topics to research about advertising is whether or not you want to do the research in print or online. You will want to choose topics that are likely to interest you, and that is the subject of some kind of literature, theses, or dissertations. If you have some specific area of expertise, you can choose topics about that area of expertise. For example, if you are interested in studies on advertising, you might want to choose the topic of advertising research.Once you have decided on a topic that you feel is a popular area of interest and one that has been studied already, it is time to start w riting the paper. With topics that are not familiar to you, you may want to look into a journal, or other resource, to see what topics have been studied in the past. This will help you know which topics to research about advertising will be useful to you, and can make the research easier to complete.The best way to research paper topics about advertising is to first think about what you are hoping to learn, and then begin looking for sources that may provide that information. There are many sources of information available, some free, and some paid.One free source of information is the Internet. Using the Internet, you can find information on topics that have been studied before, or can even go even further back to find ideas for researching in the first place.Once you have your research paper topics about advertising done, it is important to remember that many of the topics that are researched will not make it to print, and most will not be as popular as the topics you chose. That is why it is so important to choose topics that will be useful, but interesting and easy to write about.Writing articles is the best way to get ideas for research paper topics about advertising. With an article, you can determine the kinds of topics that you will write about, and you can even be sure that they will be accepted by many publications.
Sample Essay on Servant Leadership
Sample Essay on Servant LeadershipA sample essay on servant leadership is ideal for new leaders who are learning about the hierarchy, benefits of leadership, and how to be a better leader. Since we are often asked to write on any topic in a leadership context, it makes sense to look at what it takes to be a good leader. Not all good leaders are the same. There are different ways to teach leadership that goes beyond what you might expect.The great thing about writing about leadership is that it does not need to be confined to a single topic. Often it can incorporate a number of different topics. One example is to include an essay that goes into some of the key points about leadership. It could take the form of a question to explain what leaders should be, or it could discuss the five key values that guide successful leaders. If the topic is something on which there are several levels of leadership, it might even include essays that discuss more than one level of leadership.A sample es say on servant leadership that addresses the five important values would go something like this: 'Focusing on the five important values that make up a great leader--those things that motivate and inspire others--can help leaders prepare themselves for success in the future. When developing the values necessary for a servant leader, we should look at how being loyal to the needs of others can help others, how trustworthy and honest workmanship is essential, and how being a good listener motivates those around us.' It is important to emphasize that each leader is unique and has different values. Leaders are not all the same. Some have higher values and therefore will share more than others.By providing a list of five values that you believe a leader should have, you can spark a discussion about how the five value types or virtues have significant results in life. Many of us have values that support our sense of right and wrong and are hardwired into our brains. People also develop val ues through social learning, association, and feeling rewarded.A significant part of understanding your values and developing a strong sense of right and wrong comes from talking with others. You can ask your employees to write down what it is that they value and why they feel the way they do. Take the things that they say seriously and think about how those values can make their lives better. If you are at a loss, don't give up. Give yourself some time to figure out what it is that you want to learn more about.Seek out those who can help you understand your values. Do not be afraid to ask for their insights and their opinions. Also seek out those who are well respected and who have never failed in their leadership roles. Take their ideas and wisdom to heart. Who better to share and learn from than those who have already learned a lot?It is never too early to start thinking about how to write a sample essay on servant leadership. Use your experience as a leader and the information y ou have gathered to help you create a great essay on servant leadership. Don't get stuck on an idea. Think about how you can apply the ideas you gather.
Tuesday, April 21, 2020
KURDISH ISSUE Essays - Kurdistan, Ethnic Groups In Turkey
KURDISH ISSUE 1- FACT BASED ISSUES Since the end of World War I, Kurdistan has been administered by five sovereign states, with the largest portions of the land being respectively in Turkey (43%), Iran (31%), Iraq (18%), Syria (6%) and the former Soviet Union (2%). The PKK's origins can be traced back to 1974, when ?calan, in Ankara, led a small group of radicals out of Revolutionary Youth (DEV-GEN?). The Kurdistan Workers Party, Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (PKK) was established in 1978. ?calan, the leader of the organization took refuge in Syria, after 1980, following the efficient struggle against such organizations by the Turkish Security Forces. In the annual report of the U.S. State Department published in April 1993 under the title of Patterns of Global Terrorism the PKK is described as a Marxist Leninist terrorist group composed of Turkish Kurds seeking to setup a Marxist state in Southeastern Turkey The PKK is recognized and classified as a terrorist organization by all Western countries including the European Parliament and the Council of Europe. France and Germany, recently, banned the activities of this terror group and other West European governments, are closely monitoring the situation. PKK's Subordinate Military Committee established under the name of Liberation Units of Kurdistan (Hazen Rizgariya Kurdistan-HRK) was dissolved and replaced by Kurdistan Peoples Liberation Army (Arteshen Rizgariya Gelli Kurdistan-ARGK) after the Third Congress of the PKK held in Damascus-Syria in October 1986. The external center of the PKK operates through the National Liberation Front of Kurdistan (Eniya Rizgariya Netewa Kurdistan-ERNK) which was established on March 21, 1985. The ERNK started to operate after 1989 when the European countries opened their doors and allowed it to flourish in their territories. The United States Department of State Bureau of International Narcotic Matters, has published a report in 1992, called International Narcotics Control Strategy. This report stipulates that the European drug cartel is controlled by PKK members. NUMBER OF DEATHS YEAR Terrorist Civilian Soldier Police Village Guard 1984 11 20 24 - - 1985 100 82 67 - - 1986 64 74 40 3 - 1987 107 237 49 3 10 1988 103 81 36 6 7 1989 165 136 111 8 34 1990 350 178 92 11 56 1991 356 170 213 20 41 1992 1055 761 444 144 167 1993 1699 1218 487 28 156 1994 4114 1082 794 43 265 1995 2292 1085 450 47 87 (First 6months) TOTAL 10416 5124 2087 313 813 RESOURCE: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/grupa/ac/acf/acf1/pkk.htm GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF APPROXIMATE KURDISH POPULATION YEAR 1990 Region Population (in thousands) proportion to total Do?u 2230,29 41,96 G?neydo?u 2365,04 64,98 Ege 296,99 3,98 Karadeniz 37,88 0,5 Anadolu 579,38 5,53 Marmara 810,13 6,09 Akdeniz 726,55 8,95 Total 7046,25 12,6 RESOURCE: S.MUTLU,"The Population of Turkey by Ethnic Groups and Provinces", New Perspectives on Turkey, 12 (Spring 1995), p.49 2- VALUE BASED ISSUES The Republic of Turkey openly states that: 1. The territorial integrity and sovereignty of Turkey is beyond discussion. PKK is an organization, whose ideology is based on Marxism-Leninism, seeks to establish an independent Kurdish state encompassing Turkey's southeastern provinces. The Anatolian people have a common past. They have lived together for ten centuries thus creating a Turkish identity. The term Turkish refers to being a Turkish citizen. It does not reflect any ethnicity. The Anatolian people as a whole struggled for the independence of Turkey and everybody has contributed immensely in building this state. Turkey is forced to its legitimate self-defense for its territorial integrity and the protection of its people. 2. In the Republic of Turkey, which relies upon the rule of law, everyone has the freedom to pursue his or her rights through legal means. The constitution of the Republic of Turkey treats individuals on equal footing before the law irrespective of their language, race, color, sex, political opinion, conviction, religion and creed. The terrorist acts of PKK in a country where all legal and democratic means for the prevalence of justice is open for all, cannot be justified. It is the legitimate right of any country facing terrorism to root it out with all legal means available to it. Turkish citizens, irrespective of their ethnic origins, are free to form or to support a political party that expresses their political views and all Turkish citizens. Moreover regardless of ethnic background, have the right to participate actively in Turkey's multi-party system. All citizens are free to organize and to join political pressure groups, including human rights organizations. 3. Turkish citizens of Kurdish
Monday, March 16, 2020
Take Care with Dysphemisms
Take Care with Dysphemisms Take Care with Dysphemisms Take Care with Dysphemisms By Mark Nichol You probably know what a euphemism is: putting lipstick on a pig, as in using the expression ââ¬Å"pass awayâ⬠in place of the word die, or ââ¬Å"enhanced interrogationâ⬠instead of torture. Is dysphemism essentially, the opposite concept any more problematic? Just as a euphemism cloaks a disagreeable or offensive concept with an innocuous or vague label, dysphemism assigns a mildly or scathingly pejorative term to a concept or person that may be considered neutral or positive or may already have a negative connotation or reputation. For example, doctors are sometimes called quacks, and psychiatrists and psychologists are often referred to as shrinks. (Quack derives from quacksalver, from a Dutch word meaning ââ¬Å"seller of salves,â⬠or ointments; quack is equivalent to hawk, a verb meaning ââ¬Å"to sell by calling out.â⬠Shrink is a truncation of ââ¬Å"head shrinker,â⬠from the idea that mental health professionals are no more knowledgeable about the mind than witch doctors who shrink human heads for ritualistic purposes.) Shrink is often used inoffensively, even by psychiatric patients or by psychiatrists themselves. But quack denotes an unscrupulous doctor or someone posing as a doctor or otherwise fraudulently offering to heal others and is rarely used jocularly. Because of the variable connotations among dysphemisms, writers should take care when considering whether to use them. Such terms are unlikely to appear in formal writing, but they may show up in more casual prose, especially in opinionated comments. An accountant might, in jest, refer to himself as a bean counter, but the connotation is of an excessively meticulous person unable to focus on anything other than saving money, and the term is generally offensive. An attorney, on the other hand, would never call herself a shyster, even in a moment of levity, and the word is provocative. ââ¬Å"City slickerâ⬠? Iââ¬â¢m a relative newcomer to a rural area from a metropolitan one, and I might jokingly self-identify as such, but for anyone else who might think of calling me that, as the (mis)quote from a Gary Cooper movie goes, ââ¬Å"Mister, smile when you call me that.â⬠The same policy applies to tree-hugger or redneck, bookworm or ââ¬Å"frat boy,â⬠ââ¬Å"pencil pusherâ⬠or ââ¬Å"talking headâ⬠: Use with caution. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesTop 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)Ebook, eBook, ebook or e-book?
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